As Mars approaches a solar maximum, NASA is intensifying its focus on the increasing levels of radiation bombarding the planet.

Solar maximum occurs approximately every 11 years when the sun’s activity peaks, resulting in heightened solar flares and coronal mass ejections.

Unlike Earth, which is shielded by its magnetic field, Mars lacks such protection due to the loss of its global magnetic field.

Consequently, Mars and any spacecraft or future manned missions are more susceptible to intense solar activity.

To better understand the effects of radiation during solar events, NASA’s MAVEN orbiter and Curiosity rover will collaborate to study solar particles and radiation reaching Mars from both high above the planet and at its surface.

By analyzing the quantity and energy of solar particles, as well as the impact of radiation on the Martian atmosphere and surface, researchers aim to gauge the level of protection needed for astronauts exploring Mars, Space.com reported.

This year’s solar maximum coincides with Mars’ dustiest season, potentially offering insights into the planet’s evolution from a wetter environment to its current arid state.

The interaction between global dust storms and solar storms may shed light on the processes responsible for the loss of Martian water over time.

Written by B.C. Begley