China has threatened the death penalty for extreme cases of Taiwan independence advocacy, despite having no legal authority over Taiwan.

Viewing Taiwan as part of its territory, China has expressed strong disapproval of Taiwan’s President Lai Ching-te, labeling him a separatist and conducting military exercises following his inauguration.

Since Lai’s election win in January, Taiwan has faced increased Chinese pressure through military actions, trade sanctions, and coast guard patrols.

New guidelines from China’s state-run Xinhua news agency state that Chinese legal and security bodies should harshly punish those promoting Taiwan independence to protect national sovereignty and territorial integrity, The Guardian reported.

Beijing’s notice on Friday specified that “ringleaders” of Taiwan independence efforts causing significant harm to the state and people could face the death penalty, according to Xinhua.

Other key advocates may receive prison sentences ranging from 10 years to life.

Written by B.C. Begley