NASA is exploring two revised plans for its Mars Sample Return mission after an independent review projected costs could reach $11 billion with a delayed timeline stretching to 2040.

Option 1 uses a smaller spacecraft, a proven “sky crane” landing system, and a European spacecraft to return samples to Earth, costing $6.6–$7.7 billion, with a return date between 2035 and 2039.

Option 2 involves partnering with private companies like SpaceX or Blue Origin for a heavy Mars lander, with a similar return timeline.

Both plans rely on a radioisotope generator for power, avoiding issues with dust storms. A final decision on the mission architecture is expected in 2026, CBS News has reported.

Administrator Bill Nelson emphasized the importance of the mission in answering whether Mars once supported life and highlighted the need for increased congressional funding to meet earlier timelines.

Written by B.C. Begley