Texas lawmakers approved a law allowing private citizens to sue abortion pill manufacturers, providers, or anyone who mails the medication to residents, making the state the first to target the most common abortion method.

Women who receive the pills are not liable, while successful lawsuits could award $100,000 to the pregnant woman or her close relatives, with smaller amounts going to other claimants.

The law, expected to be signed by Governor Greg Abbott and take effect in December, includes protections for victims of sexual assault and bars disclosure of recipients’ identities or medical details, the Associated Press has reported.

Critics say it encourages vigilantism and could affect out-of-state providers, while anti-abortion groups call it a “blueprint” for nationwide enforcement; legal challenges are expected, and states are also seeking to limit FDA approval of the abortion drug mifepristone.