A massive police raid targeting the Red Command drug gang in Rio de Janeiro’s favelas left at least 119 people dead, sparking protests, outrage, and calls for Governor Claudio Castro’s resignation.

Residents accused police of carrying out a “massacre,” citing executions and mutilated bodies, while officials claimed the deaths resulted from armed resistance.

Brazil’s Supreme Court, prosecutors, and human rights groups demanded a full investigation into the operation, the deadliest in Rio’s history, the AP has reported.

Governor Castro defended the raid as a “success,” but critics, including federal officials and the U.N., warned it highlighted Brazil’s cycle of police brutality and ineffective anti-gang strategies.