NASA’s Curiosity rover has discovered pure yellow sulfur crystals on Mars for the first time, found in the Gediz Vallis Channel in May 2024.

Unlike common Martian sulfates, which form when sulfur mixes with minerals in evaporated water, elemental sulfur requires rare conditions not previously confirmed in the area.

Scientists say this discovery could reveal new insights into Mars’ geological processes and the planet’s watery past.

Gediz Vallis, a dried-up channel carved by ancient floods, already shows evidence of past water activity, and the sulfur may indicate unusual interactions between the Martian atmosphere, geology, and possibly water, the Daily Galaxy has reported.

As Curiosity continues its mission, researchers hope further findings will help unravel Mars’ complex history and its potential to support life.