Russia is testing its readiness for a possible new wave of military mobilization, including exercises in the Kaliningrad region and other parts of the country.

Western intelligence officials say the preparations are designed to determine how Russia would house, feed and arm large numbers of new recruits, although the Kremlin has not yet decided whether to order a mobilization.

Russia is struggling to replace heavy battlefield losses in Ukraine, increasing pressure on President Vladimir Putin to find additional troops.

Officials believe any decision could come after Russia’s parliamentary elections in September, while analysts say a new mobilization may have limited impact on Russia’s goals for this year but could strengthen its military position in 2027, the Wall Street Journal has reported.

A large mobilization could also create major economic and political problems, but Russia may try to avoid the chaos of 2022 by calling up men gradually rather than announcing another sudden nationwide draft.