China has introduced new travel restrictions that can prevent certain citizens from leaving the country if they are considered a threat to industrial or technological security.

The rules target people who violate technology import and export regulations, particularly those involving artificial intelligence.

China’s State Council said the measures are intended to protect national sovereignty, security, and development interests.

The restrictions can also apply to Chinese citizens who commit crimes abroad, potentially preventing them from leaving China for six months to three years after returning, the DW has reported.

The new rules come as China and the United States remain engaged in an escalating technological competition, including disputes over AI technology and alleged theft of AI models.